Download PDF God Favorites Judaism Christianity and the Myth of Divine Chosenness eBook Michael Coogan
Download As PDF : God Favorites Judaism Christianity and the Myth of Divine Chosenness eBook Michael Coogan
A noted biblical scholar explores how the claim of divine choice has been used from ancient times to the present to justify territorial expansion and prejudice.
The Bible describes many individuals and groups as specially chosen by God. But does God choose at all? Michael Coogan explains the temporally layered and allusive storytelling of biblical texts and describes the world of the ancient Near East from which it emerged, laying bare the power struggles, the acts of vengeance, and persecutions made sacred by claims of chosenness.
Jumping forward to more modern contexts, Coogan reminds us how the self-designation of the Puritan colonizers of New England as God’s new Israel eventually morphed, in the United States, into the self-justifying doctrines of manifest destiny and American exceptionalism. In contemporary Israel, both fundamentalist Zionists and their evangelical American partners cite the Jews’ status as God’s chosen people as justification for taking land—for very different ends. Appropriated uncritically, the Bible has thus been used to reinforce exclusivity and superiority, with new myths based on old myths.
Finally, in place of the pernicious idea of chosenness, Coogan suggests we might instead focus on another key biblical concept taking care of the immigrant and the refugee, reminding the reader of the unusual focus on the vulnerable in both the Hebrew Bible and New Testament.
Download PDF God Favorites Judaism Christianity and the Myth of Divine Chosenness eBook Michael Coogan
"God’s Favorites: Judaism, Christianity, and the Myth of Divine Chosenness by Professor Michael Coogan asks the question: “Does God … have favorites? Does God really prefer some individuals and groups over others?†Throughout his book he argues that it is neither reasonable nor rational to think that God would focus God’s attention on the Jews, a small, isolated, relatively unimportant group of people. Baruch Spinoza, a Dutch/Jewish philosopher of the 17th Century was excommunicated by the Jews for holding that same opinion. Spinoza was a great scholar and philosopher who analyzed the Bible thoughtfully and carefully. Like Michael Coogan, Spinoza demonstrated again and again that the Bible is “faulty, mutilated, tampered with, and inconsistent.†Spinoza and Coogan point out that “we don’t know the authors, circumstances, or dates of many biblical books. Moreover, “we cannot say into what hands they fell, nor how the numerous varying versions originated; nor, lastly, whether there were other versions, now lost.†As Coogan points out again and again, the Bible is a good and instructive story, but we cannot trust its truth value as history. He says that we should read the Bible “not as divine revelation… but rather as what different writers thought about God and how they projected on God their own views.â€
In his last chapter Coogan tells us that in his view “gods do not choose people, either groups or individuals. Rather, people choose a god and then assert that that god has chosen them or their ancestors… We should abandon the myth of divine chosenness…. Fundamentally, we are all one tribe, one species, with no group, ancient or modern, specially chosen.â€
Michael Coogan is a former Jesuit who is now a professor at the Harvard Divinity School. His book is carefully argued and presented with many footnotes included at the end of his book that I found helpful and instructive. His book is carefully organized and written for a general audience. That said, scholars and his students at Harvard will find that he has been rigorous in his approach to his subject, but has been careful to be clear and avoid the jargon that makes some academic writing pretentious and unreadable. His conclusions seem reasonable to me, but those readers who are true believers in the Bible as literally the Word of God are going to find much to object to in Coogan’s book."
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God Favorites Judaism Christianity and the Myth of Divine Chosenness eBook Michael Coogan Reviews :
God Favorites Judaism Christianity and the Myth of Divine Chosenness eBook Michael Coogan Reviews
- As with all of Coogan's works, this book was excellent. I highly recommend it. A timely message of reason and clarity from one of the great biblical scholars of our day, taking head-on the tribalism that is so prevalent in humans, and in particular, religion. It was shorter than I expected. I actually wish it was longer with even more detail. But an excellent book.
- God’s Favorites Judaism, Christianity, and the Myth of Divine Chosenness by Professor Michael Coogan asks the question “Does God … have favorites? Does God really prefer some individuals and groups over others?†Throughout his book he argues that it is neither reasonable nor rational to think that God would focus God’s attention on the Jews, a small, isolated, relatively unimportant group of people. Baruch Spinoza, a Dutch/Jewish philosopher of the 17th Century was excommunicated by the Jews for holding that same opinion. Spinoza was a great scholar and philosopher who analyzed the Bible thoughtfully and carefully. Like Michael Coogan, Spinoza demonstrated again and again that the Bible is “faulty, mutilated, tampered with, and inconsistent.†Spinoza and Coogan point out that “we don’t know the authors, circumstances, or dates of many biblical books. Moreover, “we cannot say into what hands they fell, nor how the numerous varying versions originated; nor, lastly, whether there were other versions, now lost.†As Coogan points out again and again, the Bible is a good and instructive story, but we cannot trust its truth value as history. He says that we should read the Bible “not as divine revelation… but rather as what different writers thought about God and how they projected on God their own views.â€
In his last chapter Coogan tells us that in his view “gods do not choose people, either groups or individuals. Rather, people choose a god and then assert that that god has chosen them or their ancestors… We should abandon the myth of divine chosenness…. Fundamentally, we are all one tribe, one species, with no group, ancient or modern, specially chosen.â€
Michael Coogan is a former Jesuit who is now a professor at the Harvard Divinity School. His book is carefully argued and presented with many footnotes included at the end of his book that I found helpful and instructive. His book is carefully organized and written for a general audience. That said, scholars and his students at Harvard will find that he has been rigorous in his approach to his subject, but has been careful to be clear and avoid the jargon that makes some academic writing pretentious and unreadable. His conclusions seem reasonable to me, but those readers who are true believers in the Bible as literally the Word of God are going to find much to object to in Coogan’s book. - Michael Coogan’s God’s Favorites Judaism, Christianity, and the Myth of Divine Closeness is based on the claim that the while the Old and New Testaments of the Bible are chock full of wisdom, they are not divine documents; rather, they are human documents laden with tribalistic prejudices in which the writers project their self-interest into their notion of their god.
The Bible writers who make claims of divine closeness are being tribalistic and painting a binary world us vs. them. The belief that one’s tribe is chosen has “pernicious effects.â€
Coogan studies the “capricious god†of the Old Testament and argues that writers imposed a rational actor to massage over the wanton acts of the Old Testament Yahweh.
The New Testament God continues to be a tribalist serving the interests of the biblical writers. When confronted with biblical passages of tribalism in which God loves one person and hates another, St. Paul tries to gloss over such a cruel despot but does so unconvincingly. Coogan also shows how Paul’s notion of Christianity is in conflict with Matthew’s, which is in conflict with St. John’s.
The New Testament pivots away from calling the Jews as the chosen people to calling the Christians the chosen ones by engaging in what Coogan calls “supersessionism.â€
At the end of the book, Coogan critiques American exceptionalism and concludes that all forms of exceptionalism are based on the narcissism and arrogance of tribalism.
Real faith and real humanity, Coogan argues in his conclusion, are based on loving the stranger and letting go of one’s binary tribalistic view of the world. In about 130 pages of well written prose, this book is very readable and instructive. Recommended. - I do not mean the title of this post in a bad way. I held many ideas, but I had never really seen them addressed before reading this book. I went to a very religious college and was surrounded by a lot of very good people. One class that I took was called "The Bible as Literature." It was the first time, I had heard from a religious person that maybe not all the stories in the Bible are completely real. Many of the stories can be found in the folklore of other cultures before they were ever written down in the Bible. A great example is Jonah and the Whale. This story also appears in writings of a number of other cultures. This book also goes a long these same lines that the Bible may not be a divine book. While I am no longer a practicing christian, I do believe that there are many parts of the Bible that are good and can lead someone to lead a remarkable life. I also believe that for those who focus on the wrong parts of the Bible, it can lead to disaster (the Spanish Inquisition is the more famous example, but there are many others as well).
One big problem I have had with the Bible is the claim that there was one chosen people. Why would God chose only one group of people to care about. Why would he not care about all the groups. The rational I had heard about this in the past is that the other groups were unrighteous. Their parents or ancestors may have know the "truth" and left it, but why would God turn his back on their decedents. I am glad to have read this book and would suggest it to anyone else who is interested in learning more. Ultimately you will have to decide how you feel about his interpretation.
